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1.
Rev. cuba. med ; 62(1)mar. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1450001

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los pacientes mayores de 60 años suelen tener un asma más grave, menos controlada y peor función pulmonar que los jóvenes. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes mayores de 60 años con asma grave no controlada. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal en el Hospital Neumológico Benéfico Jurídico en el período comprendido entre enero del 2020 y enero del 2021. Resultados: Edad predominante 60-69 años (76,5 %). Mujeres (61,8 %). Antecedentes familiares de asma o alergia (64,7 %). Asma de larga evolución (85,3 %). Asma asociada a obesidad y mal control (55,9 %). Reversibilidad del VEF1 (volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo) después de la aplicación del broncodilatador (26,5 %). Adherencia al tratamiento (61,8 %). El riesgo futuro de resultados adversos fue bajo en el 58,8 %, es el principal factor, el mal control actual en el 100 %. Conclusiones: El asma grave no controlada en mayores de 60 años es más frecuente en el sexo femenino, los pacientes suelen tener antecedentes familiares de asma o alergia, presentar asma de larga evolución, obesidad asociada al mal control, disminución de la reversibilidad del VEF1 con la aplicación del broncodilatador, mala adherencia al tratamiento y el mal control actual como riesgo futuro de la enfermedad.


Introduction: Patients older than 60 years tend to have more severe, less controlled asthma and worse lung function than younger people. Objective: To characterize patients older than 60 years with severe uncontrolled asthma. Methods: A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional observational study was carried out at Benéfico Jurídico Pneumological Hospital from January 2020 to January 2021. Results: The age group 60-69 years (76.5%) predominated. Women also predominated (61.8%), as well as family history of asthma or allergy (64.7%), and long-standing asthma (85.3%). Asthma associated with obesity and poor control was 55.9%. The reversibility of the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) after the application of the bronchodilator was 26.5%. The adherence to treatment was 61.8%. The future risk of adverse results was low (58.8%), which is the main factor, the current poor control in 100%. Conclusions: Severe uncontrolled asthma in people over 60 years of age is more frequent in women, patients usually have family history of asthma or allergy, there is long-term asthma. It was observed that obesity is associated with poor control, the decreased FEV1 reversibility with the application of the bronchodilator, poor adherence to treatment and poor current control as a future risk of the disease.

2.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 27(6): 3079-3092, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1437445

ABSTRACT

A asma grave é uma doença respiratória crônica que afeta as vias aéreas, provocando inflamação e estreitamento dos brônquios. Esse estreitamento pode dificultar a respiração e causar sintomas como tosse, falta de ar, chiado no peito e aperto no peito. Quando a asma não é controlada adequadamente com medicamentos e outras medidas, ela pode evoluir para um quadro de asma grave. O presente artigo científico consiste em uma revisão literária sobre o tratamento da asma grave com elevados níveis de anticorpos IgE por meio do uso do anticorpo monoclonal Omalizumabe, além de apresentar o relato de caso observacional em um paciente pediátrico atendido em um consultório especializado da cidade de Mineiros no estado de Goiás. Os estudos revisados demonstraram que a terapia com Omalizumabe pode melhorar a função pulmonar, reduzir a necessidade de medicação de resgate e melhorar a qualidade de vida em pacientes com asma grave. No entanto, também foi observado que o benefício do Omalizumabe é mais pronunciado em pacientes com níveis mais elevados de IgE e em pacientes que apresentam sintomas asmáticos frequentes. A revisão literária apresentou evidências consistentes de que o Omalizumabe é uma opção terapêutica eficaz e segura para o tratamento de asma grave com elevados níveis de IgE em pacientes pediátricos. Por fim com objetivo de fornecer informações importantes para médicos e profissionais de saúde sobre o uso do Omalizumabe no tratamento da asma grave em crianças, além de destacar a necessidade de mais pesquisas para avaliar a eficácia e segurança do medicamento em populações maiores e com seguimento mais prolongado.


Severe asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that affects the airways, causing inflammation and narrowing of the bronchi. This narrowing can make breathing difficult and cause symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. When asthma is not properly controlled with medication and other measures, it can develop into severe asthma. The present scientific article consists of a literature review on the treatment of severe asthma with high IgE antibody levels by the use of the monoclonal antibody Omalizumab, besides presenting the report of an observational case in a pediatric patient seen at a specialized clinic in the city of Mineiros in the state of Goiás. The studies reviewed showed that Omalizumab therapy can improve lung function, reduce the need for rescue medication, and improve quality of life in patients with severe asthma. However, it was also noted that the benefit of Omalizumab is more pronounced in patients with higher IgE levels and in patients who have frequent asthmatic symptoms. The literature review presented consistent evidence that Omalizumab is an effective and safe therapeutic option for the treatment of severe asthma with high IgE levels in pediatric patients. Finally with aim to provide important information for physicians and health care professionals about the use of Omalizumab in the treatment of severe asthma in children, and to highlight the need for further research to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the drug in larger populations and with longer follow-up.


El asma grave es una enfermedad respiratoria crónica que afecta a las vías respiratorias, causando inflamación y estrechamiento de los bronquios. Este estrechamiento puede dificultar la respiración y causar síntomas como tos, falta de aire, sibilancias y opresión torácica. Cuando el asma no se controla adecuadamente con medicación y otras medidas, puede convertirse en asma grave. El presente artículo científico consiste en una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tratamiento del asma grave con niveles elevados de anticuerpos IgE mediante el uso del anticuerpo monoclonal Omalizumab, además de presentar el informe de un caso observacional en un paciente pediátrico atendido en una clínica especializada de la ciudad de Mineiros, en el estado de Goiás. Los estudios revisados demostraron que el tratamiento con omalizumab puede mejorar la función pulmonar, reducir la necesidad de medicación de rescate y mejorar la calidad de vida en pacientes con asma grave. Sin embargo, también se observó que el beneficio del omalizumab es más pronunciado en pacientes con niveles más altos de IgE y en pacientes que presentan síntomas asmáticos frecuentes. La revisión bibliográfica presentó pruebas consistentes de que omalizumab es una opción terapéutica eficaz y segura para el tratamiento del asma grave con niveles elevados de IgE en pacientes pediátricos. Finalmente con el objetivo de proporcionar información importante para los médicos y profesionales de la salud sobre el uso de Omalizumab en el tratamiento del asma grave en niños, así como destacar la necesidad de nuevas investigaciones para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad del fármaco en poblaciones más grandes y con un seguimiento más prolongado.

3.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 22(1): 17-23, mar. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441100

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El objetivo de este artículo es describir características, comorbilidades y fenotipos de pacientes con asma grave (AG) y asma de difícil control (ADC). Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo trasversal de pacientes evaluados en el Consultorio de Asma de Difícil Control en el Hospital Británico en el período de un año. Se registró la edad, género y datos antropométricos, edad de diagnóstico, VEF1 al comienzo del seguimiento y exacerbaciones previas. Se evaluó control de síntomas con cuestionarios de Asthma Control Test y Asthma Control Quiestionnarie. Se registraron comorbilidades y se evaluó el perfil inflamatorio de los pacientes según biomarcadores medidos en sangre y muestra de esputo inducido. Resultados: 40 pacientes 20 ADC y 20 AG, no hubo diferencias significativas entre la edad, IMC, edad de comienzo de síntomas, control de los síntomas ni VEF1 al comienzo del seguimiento. En los pacientes con AG eran más frecuentes las crisis. Las comorbi lidades más comúnmente halladas fueron la obesidad, SAHOS y enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico, los trastornos psiquiátricos fueron más frecuentes en AG. El fenotipo más frecuente hallado fuel el TH2 alérgico. Discusiones y conclusión: no resulta fácil la clasificación en ambos grupos y muchas veces se encuentran con características solapadas. Las comorbilidades son frecuentes en ambos grupos siendo la obesidad, el SAHOS y la enfermedad por reflujo las más frecuentes. Lograr identificar el fenotipo de asma para dirigir el tratamiento.

4.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 22(1): 98-115, mar. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441110

ABSTRACT

Resumen En los últimos años, la aparición de anticuerpos monoclonales (Biológicos) para el tratamiento del asma grave T 2 alto nos permitió palear las pocas herramientas terapéuticas que teníamos para tratar a este grupo de pacientes, que, aunque pequeño, difiere al manejo del resto de los asmáticos. Al momento, existen diversos trabajos publicados que dieron soporte a las normativas como a las guías de manejo de asma grave en el mundo y fueron tomados por las diferentes sociedades científicas en la elaboración de estas. A pesar de ello, la lectura minuciosa de los mismos deja ver que existen diferencias claras en cuanto a metodología, toma de variables e interpretación de resultados. Con esta premisa, este trabajo permite realizar un análisis crítico de los estudios clínicos de desarrollo Fase III de biológicos en asma grave, tomando en cuenta metodología y diversas variables que conllevan a los resultados publicados.


Abstract In the last years, the appearance of new monoclonal antibodies (biologics) for the treatment of T2-high severe asthma allowed us to use the few therapeutic tools we had to treat this group of patients, which is small but differs from the rest of the asthmatics in its management. So far there are various publications supporting certain rules such as the Guidelines for Severe Asthma Management on a worldwide level, which were used by the different scientific societies for the development of those guidelines. But the thorough reading of cited publications reveals clear differences regarding the methodology, use of variables and interpretation of the results. Based on these premises, this work allows us to conduct a critical analysis of the phase III clinical studies of the development of biologics for severe asthma, taking into account the methodology and different variables that entail the published results.

5.
Rev. medica electron ; 43(1): 2954-2962,
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1156787

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El asma es una enfermedad obstructiva en la que, las resistencias respiratorias se encuentran aumentadas. Los hechos responsables de este aumento de resistencias son el propio broncoespasmo, la inflamación y el remodelado de la vía aérea con reducción de su diámetro. Todavía falta mucho por conocer y estudiar, pero sabemos que la ventilación mecánica no invasiva, como nueva forma de soporte ventilatorio que ha venido tomando auge en las últimas décadas, tiene numerosos beneficios en la práctica médica. A pesar de que algunas investigaciones plantean la controversialidad del empleo de la ventilación no invasiva en el asma grave, queremos realizar con el presente trabajo un acercamiento a varios de los estudios que se han llevado a cabo donde justifican totalmente el empleo de la misma como una medida de éxito en el manejo del asma, con resultados positivos y exitosos. Donde ha probado mejorar la situación funcional y reducir las necesidades de ingreso hospitalario, aliviando el agotamiento muscular y de esta manera mejorando el trabajo respiratorio. Aún queda bastante camino por recorrer con esta variante de ventilación que ha surgido y tomado auge por todos los logros y expectativas que ha venido a cumplir (AU).


SUMMARY Asthma is an obstructive disease in which, respiratory resistances are increased. The factors responsible for this increase in resistance are bronchospasm, inflammation and remodeling of the airway with reduction of its diameter. Much remains to be known and studied, but we know that noninvasive ventilation (NIV), as a new form of ventilatory support that has been growing in recent decades, has numerous benefits in medical practice. Although some research raises the controversy about the use of NIV in severe asthma, we want to do with the present work an approach to several of the studies that have been carried out where they totally justify the use of it as a measure of success in managing asthma, with positive and successful results. Where he has tried to improve the functional situation and reduce the need for hospital admission, alleviating muscle exhaustion and thus improving breathing work. There is still enough way to go with this variant of ventilation that has emerged and taken shape for all the achievements and expectations it has come to fulfill (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Asthma/complications , Risk Factors , Asthma/drug therapy , Bronchial Spasm , Catastrophic Illness
6.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1349118

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: avaliar a frequência de alterações espirométricas e pletismográficas em crianças e adolescentes com asma grave resistente à terapia (AGRT). Além disso, testaram-se possíveis associações entre esses desfechos. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, no qual foram incluídas crianças e adolescentes (6-18 anos), com diagnóstico de AGRT, e que se encontravam em acompanhamento ambulatorial regular. Todos deveriam possuir informações antropométricas (peso, altura, índice de massa corporal), demográficas (idade, etnia e sexo), clínicas (teste cutâneo, teste de controle da asma, tabagismo familiar e medicações em uso) e de função pulmonar (espirometria e pletismografia corporal) registradas no banco de dados do serviço. Os testes de função pulmonar seguiram as recomendações das diretrizes nacionais e internacionais. Para fins estatísticos, utilizou-se análise descritiva e o teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: de um total de 15 pacientes com AGRT, 12 deles foram incluídos na amostra. A média de idade foi de 12,2 anos, com predomínio do sexo feminino (66,7%). Destes, 50,0% apresentaram a doença controlada, 83,3% foram considerados atópicos e 50,0% tinham histórico de tabagismo familiar. Em relação aos testes de função pulmonar (% do previsto), as médias dos parâmetros espirométricos e de plestismografia corporal encontraram-se dentro dos limites inferiores da normalidade. Apenas 16,7% da amostra apresentou espirometria alterada (130,0%) e 16,7% hiperinsuflação pulmonar (capacidade pulmonar total>120,0%). Houve frequência estatisticamente maior (p=0,045) de aprisionamento aéreo nos participantes com espirometria alterada, em comparação à espirometria normal. Contudo, não se observou diferença (p=0,341) em relação à hiperinsuflação pulmonar. Conclusões: os achados demonstraram pouco comprometimento espirométrico e dos volumes e das capacidades pulmonares em crianças e adolescentes com AGRT. Além disso, aqueles participantes com espirometria alterada obtiveram frequência maior de aprisionamento aéreo no exame de pletismografia corporal


Aims: to assess the frequency of spirometric and plethysmographic changes in children and adolescents with severe therapy-resistant asthma (SRTA). In addition, possible associations between these outcome were tested. Methods: this is a retrospective study. Children and adolescents (6-18 years old), diagnosed with SRTA and who were in regular outpatient follow-up were included. Everyone should have anthropometric (weight, height, body mass index), demographic (age, ethnicity and gender), clinical (skin test, asthma control test, family smoking and medications in use) and pulmonary function (spirometry and body plethysmography) recorded in the service's database. Pulmonary function tests followed the recommendations of national and international guidelines. For statistical purposes, descriptive analysis and Pearson's chi-square test were used. Results: from a total of 15 patients with SRTA, 12 of them were included in the sample. The average age was 12.2 years, with a predominance of females (66.7%). Of these, 50.0% had the disease under control, 83.3% were considered atopic, and 50.0% had a family history of smoking. Regarding the pulmonary function tests (% of predicted), the means of spirometric parameters and body plestismography were within the lower limits of normality. Only 16.7% of the sample had altered spirometry (<5th percentile), 25.0% air trapping (residual volume>130.0%) and 16.7% pulmonary hyperinflation (total lung capacity>120.0%). There was a statistically higher frequency (p=0.045) of air trapping in participants with altered spirometry, compared to normal spirometry. However, there was no difference (p=0.341) in relation to pulmonary hyperinflation. Conclusions: the findings demonstrated little impairment of spirometry and lung volumes and capacities in children and adolescents with AGRT. In addition, those participants with altered spirometry had a higher frequency of air trapping in the body plethysmography exam.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Asthma , Plethysmography , Respiratory Function Tests , Spirometry , Lung Volume Measurements
7.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 4(1): 3-34, jan.mar.2020. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1381780

ABSTRACT

Asma grave é a asma que requer tratamento com altas doses de corticosteroide inalado associado a um segundo medicamento de controle (e/ou corticosteroide sistêmico) para impedir que se torne "descontrolada" ou permaneça "descontrolada" apesar do tratamento. Asma grave é considerada um subtipo de asma de difícil tratamento. A prevalência em crianças evidenciada pelo International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood variou entre 3,8% e 6,9%. Existem diversos instrumentos para avaliação subjetiva, como diários de sintomas e questionários, bem como para avaliação objetiva com função pulmonar e avaliação da inflamação por escarro induzido, ou óxido nítrico exalado. A abordagem terapêutica varia desde doses altas de corticosteroide inalado e/ou oral, broncodilatadores de longa duração, antaganonistas de receptores muscarínicos, até os mais recentes imunobiológicos que bloqueiam a IgE ou IL-5.


Severe asthma is asthma that requires treatment with high doses of inhaled corticosteroids in combination with a second control drug (and/or a systemic corticosteroid) to prevent it from becoming "uncontrolled" or remaining "uncontrolled" despite treatment. Severe asthma is considered a difficult-to-treat asthma subtype. The prevalence in children found by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood ranged from 3.8% to 6.9%. There are several instruments for subjective assessment, such as symptom diaries and questionnaires, as well as for objective assessment, including pulmonary function testing and evaluation of inflammation by induced sputum or exhaled nitric oxide. The therapeutic approach includes high doses of inhaled and/or oral corticosteroids, long-acting bronchodilators, muscarinic receptor antagonists, and the latest biologics that block IgE or IL-5.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Pediatrics , Asthma , Societies, Medical , Bronchodilator Agents , Immunoglobulin E , Interleukin-5 , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Respiratory Therapy , Signs and Symptoms , Sinusitis , Sputum , Therapeutics , Vocal Cords , Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Influenza Vaccines , Prevalence , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Diagnosis, Differential , Allergy and Immunology , Rhinitis, Allergic , Omalizumab , Nitric Oxide , Obesity
8.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 3(4): 337-362, out.dez.2019. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1381334

ABSTRACT

Antes de rotular um paciente como tendo asma grave, é crucial confirmar o diagnóstico da doença e de sua gravidade, além de excluir diagnósticos diferenciais de condições que podem se assemelhar ou se confundir com a asma, tais como: tuberculose, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, disfunção de corda vocal, apneia do sono, bronquiectasia, entre outras. Neste guia são abordados, além dos diagnósticos diferenciais, dados de história clínica e exames laboratoriais que permitem classificar o paciente com relação à evolução da doença (controlado ou não controlado) e, assim, possibilitar a instituição do esquema terapêutico mais apropriado. São apresentadas alternativas terapêuticas disponíveis para a abordagem clínica desses pacientes, incluindo os imunobiológicos.


Prior to labeling a patient as having severe asthma, a crucial step is to confirm the diagnosis and severity as well as to exclude conditions that may resemble or be mistaken for asthma such as tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, vocal cord dysfunction, sleep apnea, bronchiectasis, among others. In addition to differential diagnoses, this guide addresses clinical history data and laboratory tests that classify the patient regarding disease progression (controlled or uncontrolled asthma), allowing the establishment of an adequate therapeutic plan. Therapeutic options available for the treatment of these patients are detailed, including biologics.


Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma , Sleep Apnea Syndromes , Therapeutics , Tuberculosis , Bronchiectasis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Vocal Cord Dysfunction , Quality of Life , Association , Societies, Medical , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Allergy and Immunology , Antibodies, Bacterial , Antibodies, Monoclonal
9.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 3(1): 37-50, jan.mar.2019. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1381139

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar a custo-efetividade e o impacto orçamentário da adição do omalizumabe (Oma) ao tratamento padrão [corticosteroide inalatório [CI] em dose média/alta e agente beta 2-agonista de longa ação (LABA)] no tratamento da asma alérgica grave não controlada, sob a perspectiva do sistema privado de saúde no Brasil. Método: Na análise econômica, utilizou-se o modelo de Markov baseado na evolução da asma, considerando os seguintes desfechos clínicos: exacerbações graves clinicamente significantes (EGCS) e exacerbações não graves clinicamente significantes (ECS), além de taxa de mortalidade por asma e uso de recursos e custos com o tratamento. Calculou-se razões de custo-efetividade incremental (RCEI) e o impacto orçamentário, com base em dados da saúde suplementar sobre população elegível e horizonte de 5 anos. Resultados: A análise de custoefetividade realizada mostrou que o tratamento com Oma teve maior benefício, se comparado ao tratamento padrão, e gerou uma RCEI de R$ 60.293,00 por ano de vida salvo, que é três vezes inferior ao produto interno bruto (PIB) per capita no Brasil. A análise de sensibilidade, para avaliar o impacto da incerteza dos parâmetros sobre o resultado encontrado, demonstrou que os resultados permanecem estáveis a favor do Oma. A análise do impacto orçamentário apontou um custo por beneficiário de R$ 0,40 no primeiro ano, chegando a R$ 1,80 no quinto ano. Conclusão: A análise econômica demonstrou que a combinação do tratamento com Oma com o padrão para asma alérgica grave não controlada é custo-efetivo no cenário nacional, e a sua incorporação na saúde suplementar é viável.


Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness and budgetary impact of adding omalizumab (Oma) to standard treatment (medium/highdose inhaled corticosteroid [ICS] and long-acting beta 2-agonist [LABA]) in the treatment of severe uncontrolled allergic asthma, from the perspective of the Brazilian private health system (PHS). Method: In economic analysis, the Markov model was used based on the progression of asthma considering the following clinical outcomes: clinically significant severe exacerbations (CSSE) and clinically significant non-severe exacerbations (CSNSE), as well as asthma mortality rate and use of resources and costs of treatment. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) and budgetary impact were calculated based on PHS data regarding eligible population and 5-year horizon scanning. Results: The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that treatment with Oma provided greater benefit compared to the standard treatment and generated an ICER of BRL 60,293 per life-years saved, corresponding to less than three times the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Brazil. A sensitivity analysis to evaluate the impact of parameter uncertainty showed that results still favor Oma. The budget impact analysis showed a cost of BRL 0.40 per recipient in the first year, reaching BRL 1.80 in the fifth year. Conclusion: The economic analysis demonstrated that combined Oma treatment and standard treatment of uncontrolled severe allergic asthma is cost-effective in the national setting and its incorporation into PHS is feasible.


Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Supplemental Health , Cost-Effectiveness Analysis , Omalizumab , Analysis of the Budgetary Impact of Therapeutic Advances , Patients , Therapeutics , Effectiveness , Health Systems , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Dosage , Gross Domestic Product , Guanosine Diphosphate , Health Resources
10.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 116(2): 105-111, abr. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-887455

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El asma grave representa 5-7% del total de asmáticos. La OMS propuso un protocolo de seguimiento para categorizarlos como asma grave resistente al tratamiento (AGRT) o asma grave de difícil control (AGDC). Objetivo. Analizar las características clínicas, funcionales y terapéuticas de pacientes con AGRT o AGDC. Métodos. Estudio transversal, observacional y analítico para evaluar el diagnóstico, grado de control (clínico y funcional), comorbilidades, adherencia al tratamiento, técnica inhalatoria y factores ambientales en pacientes con asma grave. Resultados. Se incluyeron 69 pacientes: AGRT (n= 33) y AGDC (n= 36). El 100% del grupo con AGRT fue hospitalizado previamente por asma vs. 87,8% del grupo con AGDC (p= 0,03). El 63% del grupo AGRT requirió cuidados intensivos (UCI)), 82%, asistencia ventilatoria y uno fue traqueostomizado. En el AGDC, 54% requirió internación en la UCI , y 33%, asistencia ventilatoria (p= 0,03). La espirometría basal fue normal en el AGDC; se observó incapacidad ventilatoria obstructiva leve en el AGRT (p= 0,009). En el AGDC, hubo menor cumplimiento del tratamiento (p= 0,01). Se requirieron dosis mayores de corticoides inhalados en AGRT (p= 0,0001). Omalizumab fue indicado en AGRT (p= 0,0001). A los 6 meses de seguimiento, más del 75% de los niños en ambos grupos presentó asma controlada. Conclusiones. Se observó significativa falta de adherencia al tratamiento en el grupo AGDC. Se redujeron las dosis de tratamiento en este grupo. Se logró controlar la enfermedad en un alto porcentaje de niños con AGRT y AGDC.


Introduction. Severe asthma accounts for 5-7% of all asthma cases. The World Health Organization proposed a follow-up protocol to classify cases into severe, treatment-resistant asthma (STRA) or severe, difficult-to-control asthma (SDCA). Objective. To analyze the clinical, functional, and therapeutic characteristics of patients with STRA or SDCA. Methods. Cross-sectional, observational, and analytical study to assess the diagnosis, the extent of control (clinical and functional), comorbidities, treatment adherence, inhalation technique, and environmental factors in patients with severe asthma. Results. A total of 69 patients were included: STRA (n= 33) and SDCA (n= 36). In the group with STRA, 100% of patients had been previously hospitalized due to asthma compared to 87.8% in the group with SDCA (p= 0.03). In the group with STRA, 63% required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU); 82%, ventilatory support; and 1 patient, tracheostomy. In the group with SDCA, 54% required admission to the ICU; and 33%, ventilatory support (p= 0.03). The baseline spirometry was normal in the SDCA group; a mild obstructive ventilatory defect was observed in the STRA group (p= 0.009). In the SDCA group, treatment adherence was lower (p= 0.01). Higher inhaled corticosteroid doses were required in the STRA group (p= 0.0001). Omalizumab was indicated in the case of STRA (p= 0.0001). After 6 months of follow-up, more than 75% of children in both groups achieved asthma control. Conclusions. A significant lack of treatment adherence was observed in the SDCA group. In this group, treatment doses were reduced. Asthma was controlled in a high percentage of children with STRA and SDCA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/etiology , Asthma/therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Asthma/complications , Clinical Protocols , Cross-Sectional Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Patient Compliance , Treatment Outcome , Combined Modality Therapy , Hospitalization
11.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 16(3): 1-10, set.-dic. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-960319

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el asma grave es una de las pocas enfermedades que mantiene tasas de mortalidad iguales desde hace décadas. Objetivo: presentar la evolución clínico-anestesiológica de una paciente con antecedentes de asma bronquial grave y obesidad mórbida, propuesta para resección de una estenosis traqueal. Caso clínico: se presenta el caso de una paciente con asma grave y estenosis traqueal admitida para cirugía abdominal de gran envergadura. Se administró anestesia regional combinada. Presentó un evento de broncoespasmo severo intraoperatorio con atrapamiento aéreo y caída de la oxigenación. Se utilizó ventilación no invasiva con hipoventilación controlada y mezcla de oxígeno y halotano. Se calculó la presión media de la vía aérea y la hiperinsuflación dinámica. Conclusiones: la estratificación del riesgo es imprescindible en la conducta anestesiológica de un paciente con asma grave mediante la realización de pruebas funcionales respiratorias que permiten evaluar globalmente la función pulmonar. La preparación preoperatoria B2 agonistas, esteroides y cromoglicato de sodio puede ser un elemento importante en el control perioperatorio del paciente. La anestesia regional combinada, a pesar de los efectos adversos en la musculatura intercostal, con nivel sensitivo adecuado es muy útil en el intraoperatorio del paciente con asma grave. El uso de ventilación con parámetros prefijados para minimizar la hiperinsuflación dinámica unido al uso de anestésicos volátiles es de extraordinaria ayuda. Además de la monitorización estándar se debe incorporar el cálculo de la presión media de la vía aérea en el manejo de este tipo de pacientes en situaciones de urgencia(AU)


Introduction: Severe asthma is one of the few diseases that has maintained the same mortality rates for decades. Objective: To present the clinical-anesthesiological evolution of a patient with history of severe bronchial asthma and morbid obesity, candidate for a tracheal stenosis resection. Clinical case: The case is presented of a patient with severe asthma and tracheal stenosis, admitted for large-scale abdominal surgery. Combined regional anesthesia was administered. She presented an intraoperative severe bronchospasm event with air trapping and oxygenation decrease. Non-invasive ventilation with controlled hypoventilation and oxygen-halothane mixture was used. Mean airway pressure and dynamic hyperinflation were calculated. Conclusions: Risk stratification is essential in the anesthesiological behavior of a patient with severe asthma through the performance of respiratory functional tests that allow a global assessment of pulmonary function. The preoperative preparation (B2 agonists, steroids and cromolyn sodium) can be an important element in the perioperative control of the patient. Combined regional anesthesia, despite the adverse effects on the intercostal musculature, with adequate sensory level, is very useful in the intraoperative period of the patient with severe asthma. The use of ventilation with preset parameters to minimize dynamic hyperinflation together with the use of volatile anesthetics is of extraordinary support. In addition to standard monitoring, the calculation of mean airway pressure should be included in the management of this type of patient in emergency situations(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Tracheal Stenosis/complications , Bronchial Spasm/complications , Asthma/mortality
12.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 12(1): 15-22, ene. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869155

ABSTRACT

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is an essential tool in the management of severe respiratory failure, and its use is increasingly frequent in pediatric intensive care units. The main objective of mechanical ventilation is to replace the patient’s respiratory work, until thepatient is able to perform it by himself. The understanding of pediatric patient physiology, the pathophysiology of the underlying disease or condition, and the knowledge of how the mechanical ventilator operates and its interaction with the patient will lead to a proportionate management with reduced complications and successful extubation. In this article, we will review some aspects of its history, basic physiological concepts, general indications of onset, some modalities of MV, aspects of ventilatory management of obstructive and restrictivepulmonary pathology, and weaning or weaning and extubation.


La ventilación mecánica constituye una herramienta fundamental en el manejo de la falla respiratoria grave, siendo su uso cada vez más frecuente en las unidades de cuidado intensivo pediátrico. El objetivo principal de la ventilación mecánica, es sustituir el trabajorespiratorio del paciente, hasta que éste sea capaz de realizarlo por sí mismo. El entendimiento de la fisiología del paciente pediátrico, lafisiopatología de la enfermedad o condición de base y el conocimiento del funcionamiento del ventilador mecánico y su interacción conel paciente, conducirán a un manejo proporcionado, con disminución de las complicaciones y una extubación exitosa. En este artículo,revisaremos algunos aspectos de su historia, conceptos fisiológicos básicos, las indicaciones generales de inicio, algunas modalidades deVM, aspectos del manejo ventilatorio de la patología pulmonar obstructiva y restrictiva, y el proceso de “weaning” o destete y extubación.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Status Asthmaticus/therapy , Patient Selection , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy
13.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 93(supl.1): 19-25, 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-894082

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: To describe the role of intravenous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) as therapy for acute severe asthma in the pediatric emergency department (ED). Source: Publications were searched in the PubMed and Cochrane databases using the following keywords: magnesium AND asthma AND children AND clinical trial. A total of 53 publications were retrieved using this criteria. References of relevant articles were also screened. The authors included the summary of relevant publications where intravenous magnesium sulfate was studied in children (age <18 years) with acute asthma. The NAEPP and Global Initiative for Asthma expert panel guidelines were also reviewed. Summary of the data: There is a large variability in the ED practices on the intravenous administration of MgSO4 for severe asthma. The pharmacokinetics of MgSO4 is often not taken into account with a consequent impact in its pharmacodynamics properties. The cumulative evidence points to the effectiveness of intravenous MgSO4 in preventing hospitalization, if utilized in a timely manner and at an appropriate dosage (50-75 mg/kg). For every five children treated in the ED, one hospital admission could be prevented. Another administration modality is a high-dose continuous magnesium sulfate infusion (HDMI) as 50 mg/kg/h/4 h (200 mg/kg/4 h). The early utilization of HDMI for non-infectious mediated asthma may be superior to a MgSO4 bolus in avoiding admissions and expediting discharges from the ED. HDMI appears to be cost-effective if applied early to a selected population. Intravenous MgSO4 has a similar safety profile than other asthma therapies. Conclusions: Treatment with intravenous MgSO4 reduces the odds of hospital admissions. The use of intravenous MgSO4 in the emergency room was not associated with significant side effects or harm. The authors emphasize the role of MgSO4 as an adjunctive therapy, while corticosteroids and beta agonist remain the primary acute therapeutic agents.


Resumo Objetivos: Descrever o papel do sulfato de magnésio intravenoso (MgSO4) como terapia para asma grave aguda em serviço de emergência pediátrica (SE). Fonte: As publicações foram pesquisadas nos bancos de dados PubMed e Cochrane com as seguintes palavras-chave: magnésio E asma E crianças E ensaio clínico. Foram encontradas 53 publicações. As referências de artigos relevantes também foram examinadas. Incluímos o resumo de publicações relevantes quando o sulfato de magnésio intravenoso foi estudado em crianças (idade < 18 anos) com asma aguda. Revisamos também as diretrizes do Programa Nacional para a Educação e Prevenção da Asma (NAEPP) e do painel de especialistas da Iniciativa Global para Asma. Resumo dos dados: Há uma grande variabilidade nas práticas do SE na administração intravenosa do MgSO4 para asma grave. A farmacocinética do MgSO4 normalmente não leva em conta um impacto posterior em suas propriedades farmacodinâmicas. A comprovação cumulativa aponta para a eficácia do MgSO4 intravenoso na prevenção da internação, se usado quando necessário e em uma dosagem adequada (50-75 mg/kg). Uma internação hospitalar pode ser evitada para cada cinco crianças tratadas no SE. Outra modalidade de administração é a infusão prolongada de alta dose de sulfato de magnésio (HDMI) a 50 mg/kg/hora/4 horas (200 mg/kg/4 horas). O uso precoce da HDMI, para asma não infecciosa mediada, pode ser superior a um MgSO4 em bólus para evitar internações e antecipar as altas do SE. A HDMI parece ter bom custo-benefício se aplicada precocemente em uma população selecionada. O MgSO4 intravenoso tem um perfil de segurança semelhante a outras terapias de asma. Conclusões: O tratamento com MgSO4 intravenoso reduz as chances de internações hospitalares. O uso de MgSO4 intravenoso no pronto socorro não é associado a efeitos colaterais ou danos significativos. Enfatizamos o papel do MgSO4 como uma terapia adjuvante, ao passo que os corticosteroides e as beta-agonistas continuam os agentes terapêuticos agudos primários.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Asthma/drug therapy , Magnesium Sulfate/administration & dosage , Severity of Illness Index , Infusions, Intravenous , Acute Disease , Emergency Service, Hospital , Hospitalization
14.
J. bras. med ; 103(2)jan - 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-774682

ABSTRACT

Heterogeneidade é um traço marcante da asma. Síndrome complexa, resulta da interligação de uma rede genética com fatores ambientais, o que gera um comportamento alterado das células estruturais e funcionais do trato respiratório que desemboca em diferentes processos inflamatórios. Como resultado final, distingue-se uma ampla gama de apresentações clínicas e desfechos terapêuticos. Estima-se que 5%-10% dos asmáticos sejam portadores de uma forma grave, caracterizada pelo controle insuficiente da disfunção, apesar do uso de doses elevadas de múltiplos medicamentos. Asmáticos graves têm taxas mais elevadas de idas a serviços de emergência, hospitalizações, absenteísmo e letalidade. Mesmo comprometendo uma parcela menor de pessoas, essa categoria responde pela maior parte dos gastos envolvidos com a asma. Com a identificação progressiva de novos alvos terapêuticos e consequente desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos, é possível que, num futuro próximo, possamos oferecer tratamento efetivo e maior qualidade de vida a essa parcela mais comprometida dos asmáticos.


Heterogeneity is a striking feature of asthma. Asthma is a complex syndrome, in which a link between a genetic network and environmental factors generates altered behavior of structural and functional cells of the respiratory tract that ends in different inflammatory processes. The result is a wide range of clinical presentations and therapeutic outcomes. It is estimated that 5%-10% of those with asthma suffer from a severe form characterized by insufficient control of the dysfunction, despite the use of high doses of multiple drugs. Those with severe asthma have higher rates of visits to the emergency services, hospitalizations, absenteeism and mortality. Despite those with severe asthma representing only a small percentage of the total, this group accounts for most of the expense associated with asthma. With the progressive identification of new therapeutic targets and the consequent development of new drugs, it is possible that in the near future, we can provide more effective treatment and improved quality of life for those with the more severe disease.


Subject(s)
Asthma/therapy , Theophylline/therapeutic use , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Leukotriene Antagonists/therapeutic use , Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Administration, Intravenous
15.
Braz. j. allergy immunol ; 2(4): 132-138, July-Aug.2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-775992

ABSTRACT

O uso de imunobiológicos, já consagrados como importantes avanços terapêuticos na Reumatologia, para o tratamento de pacientes com doenças autoimunes do tecido conjuntivo, e na Gastroenterologia, no manejo de pacientes com doenças intestinais inflamatórias, inicia uma trajetória também muito promissora no controle mais eficaz de várias condições em Alergia-Imunologia, incluindo asma grave eosinofílica, urticária crônica espontânea, dermatite atópica, e esofagite eosinofílica. É possível que futuramente, tal como na Oncologia, possam ser empregadas várias combinações de drogas visando um melhor controle da alergia, baseado sempre que possível na caracterização dos diversos endótipos e fenótipos estabelecidos. No presente artigo, é feita uma revisão objetiva e atualizada de vários agentes imunobiológicos em Alergia: omalizumabe (anti-IgE), anti-IL-5 (mepolizumabe, reslizumabe e benralizumabe), dupilumabe (anti-subunidade alfa do receptor de IL-4), quilizumabe (anti-receptor M1 prime de membrana da IgE nas células-alvo), anti-TSLP (AMG 157), e lebrikizumabe (anti-IL-13). Futuramente, novos agentes imunoterapêuticos poderão surgir, com potencial de melhorar as atuais estratégias para tratamento das doenças alérgicas mais complexas e graves, de difícil controle...


The use of biologicals, currently recognized as an important therapeutic advance in the fields of rheumatology – in the treatment of patients with autoimmune connective tissue disorders – and gastroenterology – in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease – has also shown promising results in terms of a more effective control of different conditions in the field of allergy and immunology, including severe eosinophilic asthma, chronic spontaneous urticaria, atopic dermatitis and eosinophilic esophagitis. Similarly to what has been seen in oncology, it is possible that, in the future, several drug combinations can be used with the aim of better controlling atopic conditions, whenever possible based on the characterization of established endotypes and phenotypes. This article presents an objective, up-to-date review of the use of different biologicals in allergy, namely, omalizumab (anti-IgE), anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab, reslizumab,and benralizumab), dupilumab (anti-alpha subunit of the IL-4 receptor), quilizumab (anti-M1 prime membrane receptor of IgE in target cells), anti-TSLP (AMG 157), and lebrikizumab (anti-IL-13). In the future, other biological agents may be developed, with the potential to improve the treatment strategies currently available for more severe, complex, difficult-to-control allergic diseases...


Subject(s)
Humans , Allergy and Immunology , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Autoimmune Diseases , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/immunology , Dermatology , Desensitization, Immunologic , Drug Hypersensitivity , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Methods , Patients , Retrospective Studies
16.
Braz. j. allergy immunol ; 2(4): 147-153, July-Aug.2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-775994

ABSTRACT

Avaliar parâmetros de resposta à terapia anti-IgE com omalizumabe em pacientes com asma de difícil controle. Métodos: Foram avaliados 24 pacientes com asma de difícil controle, em uso de omalizumabe há pelo menos 32 semanas e considerados como respondedores à terapia. Avaliou-se a pontuação do teste de controle de asma (TCA), a presença de sintomas de asma, a frequência de uso de ß2-agonista de curta ação, as doses de corticoide inalatório e oral e o percentual previsto do volume expiratório forçado no 1° minuto (VEF1), antes e com 16 e 32 semanas de tratamento. Resultados: Na avaliação da pontuação do TCA foram obtidas as médias 12,4 para o momento inicial, 15,7 e 17,9 para a 16ª semana e 32ª semana respectivamente (p < 0,0001). A dose média de corticoide inalatório diminuiu ao longo das 32 semanas, de 1.416 mcg para 1.250 mcg na 32ª semana (p = 0,0797). O número de idas à emergência e de sintomas noturnos também diminuíram. Observou-se redução da dose de corticoide oral, sendo inicialmente a dose média de 17,4 mg e após 16 e 32 semanas 6,7 mg e 4,4 mg, respectivamente(p < 0,0001). Houve aumento na média do VEF1 (% do previsto), de 37,5% no início do tratamentopara 44,0% na 16ª semana (p = 0,007). Conclusões: O omalizumabe como terapia adjuvante no tratamento de pacientes com asma de difícil controle foi eficaz na melhora de parâmetros clínicose funcionais, contribuindo para o controle da asma e diminuição dos riscos futuros...


To assess parameters of response to anti-IgE therapy with omalizumab in patients with difficult-to-control asthma. Methods: Twenty four patients with difficult-to-control asthma using omalizumab for at least 32 weeks and considered as treatment responders were assessed. The Asthma Control Test (ACT) was used to assess the presence of asthma symptoms, frequency of use of short-acting beta2-agonists, inhaled and oral corticosteroid doses, and percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) before treatment and after 16 and 32 weeks of treatment. Results: Mean ACT scores were 12.4 before treatment and 15.7 and 17.9 at 16 and 32 weeks post-treatment, respectively (p < 0.0001). Mean dose of inhaled corticosteroid decreased over the 32 weeks, from 1,416 mcg to 1,250 mcg (p = 0.0797). The number of visits to emergency services and nocturnal symptoms also decreased. There was a reduction in the mean dose of oral corticosteroids, from 17.4 mg at baseline to 6.7 mg and 4.4 mg after 16 and 32 weeks of treatment, respectively (p < 0.0001). Finally, an increase was found in the mean percentage values of predicted FEV1, from 37.5% at baseline to 44.0% at week 16 (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Omalizumab as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of patients with difficult-to-control asthma was effective in improving clinical and functional parameters, contributing to the control of asthma and to the reduction of future risks...


Subject(s)
Young Adult , Middle Aged , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Asthma , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Hypersensitivity , Immunoglobulin E , Methods , Morbidity , Reference Standards , Patients , Treatment Outcome
17.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 28(4): 272-276, dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-673048

ABSTRACT

Background: The magnitude of response to treatment of asthma exacerbations is variable and a significant proportion of them need hospitalization. Objectives: to define the profile of children that were hospitalized for severe asthma and the possible indicators and determinants of their poor responsiveness. Methods: a prospective study in 60 children 4 years or more of age with a search of the ethiology of the exacerbation and a study of the inflammatory profile in sputum. Results: 60 children between 4 and 15 years. 50 percent had a previous diagnosis of asthma without regular use of inhaled corticosteroids in two thirds. 40 percent had previous admissions for asthma. Etiology of the exacerbation was identified in 52 percent with Rhinovirus, human Metapneumovirus, RSV and Mycoplasma pneumoniae as the most frequent agents. Inflammatory profile was determined in 33 children: eosinophilic in 36 percent, eosinophilic/ neutrophilic in 64 percent. Conclusions: Severe asthma with serious exacerbations may be a phenotype whose outstanding aspects in this cohort were: previous hospitalizations, lack of prophylactic treatment, viral infections as frequent trigger, and combined inflammatory cell profile in sputum.


La magnitud de la respuesta al tratamiento de una exacerbación de asma es variable entre los pacientes y una proporción significativa de ellos debe hospitalizarse. Objetivos: Definir el perfil de los niños que se hospitalizaron por asma grave y los posibles indicadores y determinantes de la respuesta desfavorable al tratamiento. Método: Estudio prospectivo en niños de 4 años o más, con búsqueda etiológica de la exacerbación y estudio de perfil inflamatorio en esputo. Resultados: 60 niños entre 4 y 15 años. El 50 por ciento tenía diagnóstico previo de asma sin uso regular de corticoesteroides inhalados en dos tercios. Hospitalizaciones previas por asma en el 40 por ciento. La etiología de la exacerbación fue identificada en el 52 por ciento siendo los agentes más frecuentes Rhinovirus, Metapneumovius, VRS y Mycoplasma pneumoniae. El perfil inflamatorio fue determinado en 33 niños: eosinofílico en 36 por ciento y eosinoflico/neutroflico en 64 por ciento. Comentario: El asma severa con exacerbaciones graves sería un fenotipo cuyos aspectos destacados en esta cohorte serían: niños con hospitalizaciones previas, falta de tratamiento profiláctico, infección viral como desencadenante frecuente, patrón inflamatorio combinado del esputo y rinitis atópica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Asthma/etiology , Asthma/pathology , Asthma/drug therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Acute Disease , Prospective Studies , Phenotype , Hospitalization , Inflammation , Neutrophils , Drug Resistance , Virus Diseases/complications
18.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 110(5): 382-387, oct. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-657476

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El asma tiene un alto impacto en la salud pública pues causa un gran número de consultas a los servicios de emergencias y de internaciones. Si bien los programas de atención de niños con asma han demostrado ser muy eficaces para mejorar la evolución de la enfermedad, existe menos información sobre programas para niños con asma grave. Objetivo. Evaluar en forma comparativa el impacto del Programa de Atención de Niños con Asma Grave (PANAG). Métodos. Estudio longitudinal, pre-posintervención. Se comparó el número de exacerbaciones y de internaciones por asma grave en un grupo de pacientes bajo dos estrategias: seguimiento regular en un hospital público (período preintervención, 18 meses) y seguimiento bajo el PANAG (período posintervención, 18 meses). Durante el PANAG los pacientes recibieron en forma gratuita la medicación preventiva y se organizaron actividades educativas. Resultados. Se incluyeron 20 niños, 16 mujeres (80%) con un promedio de edad de 13,3 años (DE 3,8). Durante el período pre-intervención se observaron 59 crisis asmáticas y luego de la implementación del PANAG hubo 26. Esto representa una reducción significativa del 55% en el número de crisis asmáticas (p= 0,0002). Durante el período previo al PANAG se observaron 4 internaciones por asma. En el período posterior solo hubo una hospitalización. Conclusiones. El programa de atención de pacientes con asma grave es una estrategia eficaz para el control de esta patología. Es un modelo de atención factible en un hospital público.


Introduction. Asthma is a major economic burden to families and public healthcare since it leads to a large number of emergency room (ER) visits and hospital admissions. Whereas healthcare programs for children with asthma have proved to be very effective to improve the course of the disease, there is less information about programs for children with severe asthma. Objective. To comparatively analyze the impact of the Healthcare Program for Children with Severe Asthma (Programa de Atención de Niños con Asma Grave, PANAG). Methods. This was a longitudinal, pre- and postintervention study. Two approaches were used to compare the frequency of asthma exacerbations and hospital admissions due to severe asthma in a group of patients: regular follow-up in a public hospital (pre-intervention period, 18 months) and follow-up while participating in PANAG (post-intervention period, 18 months). During the Program, patients received preventive treatment free of charge; educational activities were also organized. Results. Twenty children were included, 16 (80%) out of the 20 were females, and the mean age was 13.3 years (SD 3.8). During the pre-intervention period 59 asthma attacks were recorded; after PANAG was implemented, they decreased to 26. This accounts for a significant reduction of 55% of asthma attacks (p= 0.0002). During the period previous to PANAG implementation, there were 4 asthma-related hospital admissions. In the period after the program implementation, there was only one hospital admission. Conclusions. The Healthcare Program for Patients with Severe Asthma is an effective strategy to manage this disease. This healthcare program is affordable to be used in a public hospital.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Asthma/therapy , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Program Evaluation , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index
19.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 27(1): 26-30, mar. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-592051

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Algunos niños asmáticos presentan exacerbaciones que motivan su ingreso a Unidad de Paciente Crítico (UPC). A nivel nacional no existen publicaciones al respecto. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer las características clínicas de los niños con crisis asmáticas que requieren manejo en UPC en el Hospital Roberto del Río. Pacientes y Método: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo en mayores de 4 años, egresados de UPC con diagnóstico de crisis de asma en un período de tres años. Resultados: 67 niños requirieron manejo en UPC El promedio de edad fue 7 años y el de hospitalización 4 días. En 59 pacientes se utilizó Ventilación Mecánica No Invasiva (VMNI). Del total de pacientes sólo 27 tenía diagnóstico previo de asma, observándose buena adherencia al tratamiento sólo en 7. Conclusiones: Sólo el 40 por ciento de los pacientes asmáticos tenían el diagnóstico de asma antes de la hospitalización y la mayoría de ellos presentaba una pobre adherencia al tratamiento. En el manejo destaca un alto porcentaje de uso de VMNI.


Introduction: Some asthmatic children present severe exacerbations, demanding hospitalization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). On a national Chilean scale, there is no published data about these patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of children with asthmatic exacerbations requiring PICU management at Roberto del Río Children's Hospital in Santiago de Chile. Patients and Method: Retrospective and descriptive study in children above 4 years of age discharged from PICU with diagnosis of asthmatic exacerbation during a three years period. Results: 67 children required treatment in PICU. The average of age was 7 years old, while the average of hospital stay was 4 days. Non invasive ventilation (NIV) was used in 59 patients. Only 27 patients had previous diagnosis of asthma, with good treatment adherence only in 7 of them. Conclusions: Before being hospitalized, only 40 percent of the asthmatic patients were diagnosed as asthmatic and most of them had a bad treatment compliance. NIVwas used in a remarkably high percentage of these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Asthma/epidemiology , Asthma/therapy , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Acute Disease , Asthma/complications , Hospitalization , Retrospective Studies
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